The World Steel Association (worldsteel) has released its Short Range Outlook (SRO) steel demand forecast for 2024 and 2025. Worldsteel forecasts that this year demand will see a 1.7 percent rebound to reach 1,793 Mt. Steel demand is forecast to grow by 1.2 percent in 2025 to reach 1,815 Mt.
Commenting on the outlook, Dr. Martin Theuringer, chairman of the worldsteel economics committee, said, “After two years of negative growth and severe market volatility since the COVID crisis in 2020, we see early signs of global steel demand settling in a growth trajectory in 2024 and 2025.
The global economy continues to show resilience despite facing several strong headwinds, the lingering impact from the pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, high inflation, high costs and falling household purchasing power, rising geopolitical uncertainties, and forceful monetary tightening. As we approach the end of this monetary tightening cycle, we observed that tighter credit conditions and higher costs have led to a sharp slowdown in housing activity in most major markets, and have hampered manufacturing sector globally. While it seems the world economy will experience a soft landing from this monetary tightening cycle, we expect to see global steel demand growth remaining weak and market volatility remaining high on lagged impact of monetary tightening, high costs and high geopolitical uncertainties.”
We expect that steel demand in China in 2024 will remain around the level of 2023, as real estate investments continue to decline, but the corresponding steel demand loss will be offset by growth in steel demand coming from infrastructure investments and manufacturing sectors. In 2025 we see China steel demand returning to downtrend with a 1 percent decline.
This projection suggests that by 2025 China’s steel demand will be significantly lower than the recent peak demand year, 2020. This projection is also in line with our view that China might have reached its peak steel demand, and the country’s steel demand is likely to continue to decline in the medium-term, as China gradually moves away from a real estate and infrastructure investment dependent economic development model.
For 2023, apparent steel use (ASU) estimate for China is based on official statistics and suggests a 3.3 percent drop. This represents a downwards revision of 2023 steel demand growth rate estimate by around 5 percentage points from the previous forecast made in October 2023. Chinese steel demand in Q4 last year had indeed been weaker than what we expected back in October 2023. However, indicators of major steel using sectors suggest that the actual steel demand was better than the estimated ASU.
Projections for the world excluding China suggest broad-based growth in steel demand at a relatively strong level of 3.5 percent per annum over 2024-25.
India has emerged as the strongest driver of steel demand growth since 2021, and projections suggest Indian steel demand will continue to charge ahead with 8 percent growth in its steel demand over 2024 and 2025, driven by continued growth in all steel using sectors, especially by continued strong growth in infrastructure investments. In 2025, steel demand in India is projected to be almost 70 million tonnes higher than in 2020.
Other emerging parts of the world such as MENA and ASEAN are expected to show accelerating growth in their steel demand over 2024-2025 after a significant slowdown over 2022-2023. Mounting difficulties in the ASEAN region, such as political instability and erosion of competitiveness, might lead to a lower trend steel demand growth going forward.
The developed world is also expected to show a strengthening recovery with 1.3 percent in 2024 and 2.7 percent in 2025, as steel demand will finally show meaningful pick up in the EU in 2025 and continued resilience in the US, Japan, and Korea.
Worldsteel reports the EU (and the UK) as the region currently facing the biggest challenges. The region and in particular its steel using sectors are challenged on a multitude of fronts – geopolitical shifts and uncertainty, high inflation, monetary tightening and partial withdrawal of fiscal support, and still high energy and commodity prices. The persistence of these downside factors resulted in a major drop in the region’s steel demand in 2023 to the lowest level since the year 2000 and substantial downward revisions of the forecast for this year. After only a technical rebound in 2024, the region’s steel demand is expected to finally show a meaningful recovery with a 5.3 percent growth in 2025. The forecasted steel demand for the EU in 2024 is only 1.5 Mt higher than the pandemic trough in 2020.
In stark contrast with the EU, U.S. steel demand continues to show healthy steel demand fundamentals. American steel demand is expected to quickly return to a growth path in 2024 after a sharp drop led by a housing market slowdown in 2023 then strong investment activity, which received a boost from the Inflation Reduction Act, and a gradual recovery in housing activity.